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N-Declension in German: Weak Masculine Nouns (n-Deklination)

Learn which German masculine nouns belong to the n-Deklination (der Student, der Kollege, der Herr, der Name) and when to add -n or -en.

By GermanLogic Editorial TeamPublished 4 min read

Most masculine German nouns only change in the Genitive singular (des Mannes, des Computers). However, a high-frequency subgroup called Weak Masculine Nouns follows the N-Declension (n-Deklination): they take -n or -en in every case except Nominative singular.

Because these nouns refer heavily to people, professions, and animals (der Kollege, der Kunde, der Student, der Nachbar), mastering N-Declension is one of the fastest ways to make your B1+ German sound natural and accurate.

Which Nouns Take N-Declension?

Nearly all N-Declension nouns are masculine and denote living beings (people or animals):

Group Identification Rule High-Frequency Examples
1. Masculine nouns in -e Living male persons, nationalities, or animals ending in -e der Junge (boy), der Kollege (colleague), der Kunde (customer), der Experte, der Franzose, der Löwe (lion), der Hase (hare)
2. Foreign suffixes -ant, -ent, -ist, -at, -ot, -et, -oge Stress is on the final suffix; usually professions/roles der Student, der Präsident, der Polizist, der Tourist, der Journalist, der Patient, der Demokrat, der Pilot, der Planet, der Biologe
3. Core historical masculine nouns Short consonant-ending nouns referring to people/animals der Mensch (human), der Nachbar (neighbor), der Herr (gentleman/Mr.), der Bär (bear), der Held (hero), der Graf (count)
4. Mixed -e group (+ -ns in Genitive) Abstract masculine nouns in -e der Name, der Gedanke, der Glaube, der Buchstabe, der Wille, der Friede
5. One unique neuter noun Irregular mixed neuter noun das Herz (das Herz [Nom/Akk], dem Herzen [Dat], des Herzens [Gen])

Watch out for -or nouns! Words like der Professor, der Direktor, der Doktor, der Motor are NOT weak nouns in the singular! They stay strong: Ich frage den Professor, das Büro des Professors. (Only their plural ends in -en: die Professoren.)

Complete Declension Tables

Standard Pattern (-en vs. -n)

  • Nouns ending in -e (or -r on Herr/Nachbar): add -n in singular (den Kollegen, den Nachbarn).
  • Nouns ending in a consonant: add -en (den Studenten, den Menschen).
Case der Student (consonant stem) der Kollege (-e stem) der Herr (-n sg. / -en pl.)
Nominative Sg. der Student der Kollege der Herr
Accusative Sg. den Studenten den Kollegen den Herrn
Dative Sg. dem Studenten dem Kollegen dem Herrn
Genitive Sg. des Studenten des Kollegen des Herrn
All Plural Cases die/den/der Studenten die/den/der Kollegen die/den/der Herren

Mixed Pattern (der Name & das Herz)

Case der Name (Mixed Masc.) das Herz (Mixed Neut.)
Nominative Sg. der Name das Herz
Accusative Sg. den Namen das Herz (no -en!)
Dative Sg. dem Namen dem Herzen
Genitive Sg. des Namens des Herzens

Notice that das Herz stays bare in Accusative (Ich sehe das Herz), whereas der Name adds -n (Ich kenne den Namen) and -ns in Genitive (die Bedeutung des Namens).

Practical Sentence Examples

  • Accusative: Ich frage den neuen Studenten. (I ask the new student.)
  • Accusative: Haben Sie meinen Kollegen gesehen? (Have you seen my colleague?)
  • Dative: Ich spreche gerade mit dem Kunden. (I’m speaking with the customer right now.)
  • Dative: Wir helfen unserem Nachbarn beim Umzug. (We’re helping our neighbor move.)
  • Genitive: Das Büro des Chefs [strong] vs. Das Büro des Präsidenten [weak].

Look up any noun in our Der, Die, Das Checker to see immediately whether it belongs to the N-Declension.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Mistake Why It Happens Correction
*Ich frage den Student. Forgetting -en on the noun after den Ich frage den Studenten.
*Das Auto des Kollegens Adding a Genitive -s onto an N-Declension noun Das Auto des Kollegen (Weak nouns NEVER take -s in Genitive—except the mixed Name/Gedanke group).
*Ich spreche mit dem Professoren. Confusing -or plural with N-Declension singular Ich spreche mit dem Professor. (-or nouns are strong in the singular.)
Writing *des Namens without -s (\*des Namen) Treating der Name like der Kunde der Name, der Gedanke, der Buchstabe, der Glaube take -ns in Genitive: des Namens.
Practice checkpoint · 3 questions

Quick practice check

Test your understanding before moving on — instant feedback on every answer.

0 / 3 answered
Q1.Ich frage den ___.
Q2.Which noun does NOT belong to the n-Deklination?
Q3.What is the genitive of 'der Name'?

Frequently asked questions

Which German nouns belong to the n-Deklination?

Five groups: (1) masculine nouns for male persons/animals ending in -e (der Junge, der Kollege, der Kunde, der Löwe), (2) foreign masculine nouns ending in -ant, -ent, -ist, -at, -ot, -et, -oge (der Student, der Polizist, der Tourist, der Patient), (3) specific core masculine words (der Herr, der Mensch, der Nachbar, der Bär, der Held), (4) a small mixed group of abstract masculine nouns in -e that add -ns in the genitive (der Name, der Gedanke, der Glaube), and (5) the single neuter noun das Herz (in a slightly mixed pattern).

Do nouns ending in -or (like der Professor) belong to the n-Deklination?

No! That is a classic trap. Nouns ending in -or like der Professor, der Doktor, der Motor, and der Direktor are strong nouns: des Professors, dem Professor, den Professor (though their plural is die Professoren).

How does 'der Herr' decline in the singular vs. plural?

der Herr adds -n in the singular (den Herrn, dem Herrn, des Herrn) and -en in the plural (die Herren, den Herren, der Herren).

What is the Genitive singular of 'der Name'?

A small subgroup of masculine nouns ending in -e (der Name, der Gedanke, der Glaube, der Buchstabe, der Wille) follows N-Declension in Accusative/Dative (-n) but adds -ns in the Genitive: des Namens, des Gedankens.

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