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German Possessive Pronouns & Articles: mein, dein, sein, ihr, unser, euer

Master German possessive articles (mein, dein, sein, ihr, unser, euer, Ihr) across all 4 cases, the euer→eur- drop, and standalone possessive pronouns (meiner, meins).

By GermanLogic Editorial TeamPublished 4 min read

German uses possessive words in two closely linked ways: as Possessive Articles placed in front of a noun (mein Buch, ihre Tasche) and as Standalone Possessive Pronouns replacing the noun (Das ist meiner, Das ist meins).

The most important mental habit is separating the stem (who owns it) from the ending (what is owned, and in which case).

Step 1: Choose the Possessive Stem (Based on Owner)

Owner Pronoun English German Stem Spelling Alert
ich my mein- Regular
du your (informal sg.) dein- Regular
er / es his / its sein- Also applies to neuter nouns like das Kind → sein Zimmer
sie (she) her ihr- Lowercase
wir our unser- Keeps -er-: unser, unsere, unseren
ihr (you pl.) your (informal pl.) euer- / eur- Drops inner e when an ending is added: euer → eure, euren, eurem
sie (they) their ihr- Lowercase (identical stem to “her”!)
Sie (formal) your (formal) Ihr- ALWAYS capitalized (Ihr, Ihre, Ihren, Ihrem, Ihrer)

Step 2: Add the Case Ending (Identical to ein / kein)

Once you pick the stem, attach the exact same endings as kein across all four cases and genders (shown below with mein-):

Case Masculine (der Vater) Feminine (die Mutter) Neuter (das Kind) Plural (die Kinder)
Nominative mein Vater meine Mutter mein Kind meine Kinder
Accusative meinen Vater meine Mutter mein Kind meine Kinder
Dative meinem Vater meiner Mutter meinem Kind meinen Kindern
Genitive meines Vaters meiner Mutter meines Kindes meiner Kinder

Look closely at examples where the owner’s gender and the owned noun’s gender differ:

  • A woman owns a masculine dog (der Hund): Ich besuche Anna und ihren Hund. (Stem ihr- = Anna; ending -en = masculine Accusative Hund!)
  • A man owns a feminine bag (die Tasche): Paul sucht seine Tasche. (Stem sein- = Paul; ending -e = feminine Accusative Tasche!)
  • Plural “you” (ihr) owns a feminine apartment (die Wohnung): Wie groß ist eure Wohnung? (Stem eur-, ending -e = feminine Nominative!)

Step 3: Standalone Possessive Pronouns (mine, yours, hers…)

When a possessive stands alone without a noun (answering “Wessen Mantel ist das?”), it cannot use the bare ein-zero forms in Masculine Nominative or Neuter Nominative/Accusative. Instead, it takes full strong endings (-er for masculine, -e for feminine/plural, -(e)s for neuter):

Gender / Case Possessive Article (+ Noun) Standalone Pronoun (No Noun)
Masculine Nom. Das ist mein Mantel. Das ist meiner. (That’s mine.)
Feminine Nom. Das ist meine Jacke. Das ist meine.
Neuter Nom. / Akk. Das ist mein Auto. Das ist meins / meines. (meins is everyday spoken German)
Plural Nom. / Akk. Das sind meine Schuhe. Das sind meine.
Masculine Akk. Ich nehme meinen Kaffee. Ich nehme meinen.
Dative mit meinem Auto / meiner Tasche mit meinem / meiner (plural: mit meinen)

Adjective Endings After Possessive Articles

Possessive articles trigger Mixed Declension endings on any adjective that follows them—identical to ein / eine / kein / keine. Check the exact endings in our Adjective Declension Calculator.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Mistake Why It Happens Correction
*Ich besuche mein Vater. Dropping the -en in Masculine Accusative Ich besuche meinen Vater.
*Wie groß ist euere Wohnung? Keeping both e’s before an ending on euer Wie groß ist eure Wohnung? (euer drops the second e → eure, euren, eurem, eurer.)
*Das ist mein! (pointing to der Mantel) Using the article form mein without a following noun Das ist meiner! (Standalone masc. Nom needs -er; standalone neut. needs meins.)
*Herr Weber, wo ist ihr Ticket? Lowercasing formal Ihr Herr Weber, wo ist Ihr Ticket? (Formal Ihr is always capitalized.)

Next, look at how verbs reflect back on the subject in Reflexive Pronouns.

Practice checkpoint · 3 questions

Quick practice check

Test your understanding before moving on — instant feedback on every answer.

0 / 3 answered
Q1.Ich besuche ___ Vater.
Q2.Wessen Mantel ist das? — Das ist ___.
Q3.Wie groß ist ___ Wohnung? (ihr = you, plural)

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between sein and ihr in German?

Use the stem sein- when the owner is masculine or neuter ('his' or 'its': der Mann → sein Buch, das Kind → sein Spielzeug), and ihr- when the owner is feminine or plural ('her' or 'their': die Frau → ihr Buch, die Kinder → ihre Bücher).

Why does euer become eure instead of euere?

Whenever the possessive stem euer (your, informal plural) takes a case ending (-e, -en, -em, -er, -es), it normally drops the second 'e' for smoother pronunciation: euer Vater (no ending) → eure Wohnung, euren Freunden, eurem Kind.

How do standalone possessive pronouns differ from possessive articles?

Before a noun, possessive articles follow the ein-pattern (zero ending in masc. Nom and neut. Nom/Akk: mein Mantel, mein Auto). Standing alone without a noun, possessive pronouns must show gender clearly with strong endings: 'Das ist meiner' (masc.) or 'Das ist meins / meines' (neut.).

Does 'Ihr' have to be capitalized?

Formal 'Ihr' (meaning 'your', formal sg./pl.) and all its declined forms (Ihre, Ihren, Ihrem, Ihrer) must ALWAYS be capitalized. Lowercase 'ihr' means 'her', 'their', or informal plural 'you'.

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